学术写作可以使用哪些连接词或片语？

华乐丝Wallace

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问题：

「当撰写论文时，我发现我经常在每个句子中重复使用同样的连接词。因此可以请您告诉我们不同的连接词及片语，以及它们的使用方式吗？」

——电子邮件提问，姓名及学校未知

回答：

您可以使用一些单字或短片语来连接前后的句子、段落以及章节，藉此引导读者阅读您的文章。妥善运用连接词能使您的文章易于被理解；反之，不良的使用则会使整篇文章缺乏条理，甚至会出现过多零散的短句，使读者难以掌握文章的重点。

了解连接词的最好方法是透过大量的阅读。大部分的教科书及论文都是精心编写而成的，并且运用了许多不同方式来连接句子，建议您在阅读时多留意当中连接词的用法，将之学起来并应用在自己的文章中。在写作时也可以多尝试使用不同的表达方式，尤其是在较长的文章中。不过，请务必要完全了解这些词所代表的意思，错误的使用可能会完全改变您原先想表达的意思。

以下列出了许多连接词及片语，碍于篇幅的关系，仍有许多其他字词未被纳入。当然，不要忘了最常见的and，它是您在连接两个较短句子的最佳选择。

请注意：被归属同一类别的字词并不代表它们有着相同的意思，它们在句子中的位置也有所不同，您可以透过更多的阅读或查询字典来了解它们的意思及使用方式。

Listing(条列)	Giving examples(举例)	Generalizing(概括)
first, second, third	for example	in general
first, furthermore, finally	for instance	generally
to begin, to conclude	as follows:	on the whole
next	that is	as a rule
Reinforcement(加强语气)	in this case	for the most part
also	namely	in most cases
furthermore	in other words	usually
moreover	Result/consequence(结果)	Highlighting(强调)
what is more	so	in particular
in addition	therefore	particularly
besides	as a result/consequence	especially
above all	accordingly	mainly
as well (as)	consequently	Reformulation(换句话说)
in the same way	because of this/that	in other words
not only … but also	thus	rather
Similarity(相似)	hence	to put it more simply
equally	for this/that reason	Expressing an alternative(表达相反的意思)
likewise	so that	alternatively
similarly	in that case	rather
correspondingly	under these circumstances	on the other hand
in the same way	Deduction(推论)	the alternative is
Transition to new point(带出新的论点)	then	another possibility would be
now,	in other words	Contrast(对比)
as far as xis concerned	in that case	instead
with regard/reference to	otherwise	conversely
as for …	this implies that …	on the contrary
it follows that	if so/not	in contrast
turning to	Stating the obvious(点出某件事实)	in comparison
Summary(总结)	obviously	Concession(转折语气)
in conclusion	clearly	however
to conclude	naturally	even though
in brief	of course	however much
to summarize	as can be expected	nevertheless
overall	surely	still
therefore	after all	yet

加强语气

Driving a motorcycle is cheaper and more convenient than owning a car; furthermore, motorcycles are easier to park.

比较

Hsinchu often has the coldest weather in China in the winter. Conversely, Kaohsiung frequently has the mildest winter temperatures.

结果／后果

Housing prices fell by more than 30% last year. As a result, sales increased by 20%.

概括化

On the whole, his class was well received by students, despite some complaints from new students about grading.

让步／迁就

New York was a very expensive city, the weather was bad and the people weren’t very friendly. Nevertheless, we will probably return.

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